Workmanship of Chinese kites

Workmanship of Chinese kites can be summarized as four points: structuring, paperhanging, colour-drawing, flying.
Structuring includes: selecting material, cleaving bamboo, curving bamboo, joining bamboo.
Paperhanging includes: selecting material, cutting out, paperhanging, disposing and rectifying fringe.
Colour-drawing includes: composing picture, outlining, dyeing, decorating.
Flying includes: selecting site and weather, tool, flying off, adjustment, controlling. 

Adjustments for common malfunctions of kites

1. overturn and fall 2.side-fly 3.swaying 4.frontward 5. backward 6.circumgyration

Overturn and fall
A sudden inversion with the head down and the tail up, then fall sharply down on the ground .This is a phenomena called overturn and fall.
Adjustments: Increase the weight of kite’s tail so as to move the center of gravity downward.
Or you can bend the tail backward, or move the angle line upward. Adjustments need to be done according to the changes of the states of flying, from which we judge how much is needed to done concerning effect and degree. No matter which way mentioned above you use, it should be done by keeping trying out and adjusting at the same time. If none of them can work, the accuracy of the judgment of the malfunction is the point should be thinking out. If judgment is right, then think about the design of the kite. 

Side-fly
It refers to the phenomena that the appearance of a flying kite is not upstanding, flying sideways all along. 3 adjustments are available here:
(1). Holding the central axes of kite, examine whether the weight of both sides are balanced.
If one side is heavier over which the kite heel, we can conclude that the unbalanced weight probably causes the side-fly. 
Increasing the weight of this side can solve the problem. It’s necessary to note that kites have certain transverse stability that a small degree of unbalanced weight won’t influence the kite . Reasons such as the dissymmetrical transfiguration for kites and so on that causes the unbalance will produce more influence on flying. Another possible situation is: The heavier side is just on which the one goes upward during the flying. We can see that, from this point, what causes heeling over.
(2). Check if both sides have symmetrical structures. The asymmetry of area, angle, hardness and softness of framework can cause the unbalance of wind power that results in side-flying. 
(3). Adjusting the angle lines stud that makes it move to the direction over which the kite heel. Please keep adjusting and experimental flying in turn. Such a malfunction has nothing to do with the designing of the kite. 

About swaying
Swaying and leaning are different. Leaning results in heeling over one side all the time while swaying demonstrates going form one side to another and heeling over to both sides from time to time and falling down finally. The phenomenon of being fluctuant forward and backward is possible as well. 

Moving the angle lines stud downward can solve this problem. Be sure keep the movement and the experiment in turn, or problems may occur because of overdoing. Decreasing the weight of the kite’s tail is also helpful. Kites that have many angle lines can broaden the distances of them.
Kites with one angle line is easy to be fluctuant forward and backward, which can be solved by fixing up the tail and the body and changing one angle ling to two. 
Kites like swallow is functioned to be fluctuant forward and backward during the flying so as to produce the effect of vividness.

About frontward
Kites tend to fall frontward as long as pulling the line, which prove the line can’t hold power. In this case, if the kite has one angle line, it should be moved backward a bit. If the kite has two or three angle lines, they should be shortened in length and moved downward so as to strengthen the head to be rise-oriented.
There’re several kinds of frontward. One is: so long as pulling the line straightly and tightly, the kite will go frontward, and then the line loosens up, the kite falls with the head rise-oriented; another is: once the kite go frontward, it can never lift the head up again. The reason for the former case is that the angle line is over-upward, which can be solved by moving downward. For the second case, besides the problems on designing, the main reason is that the center of gravity is over-forward. Increasing the weight of the tail and moving the angle line downward can solve this problem.
Kite like soft-winged eagle usually flies well in the lower sky while the phenomena of frontward occurs in the upper sky. Then, the line loosens up and, instead of falling down directly, the kite glides in the air. Under this circumstance, what the player needs to do is just speeding up drawing the line back; any kind of the adjusting is unnecessary.

About backward
Being hard to ascend is the phenomena referring to backward. When there is enough wind, the line is tightened while the kite is only in a way of keeping going further off instead of ascending higher. The degree of the angle between the line and ground is small; when there isn’t much wind, the kite will fall backward, which can be adjusted by moving the angle line upward. If the angle lines are many, then the upper angle line needs to be tightened and the lower one, lengthened. Too much weight on the kite also can cause such a problem. Under such circumstance, decreasing the weight of the tail can be helpful.

About turning
Turning refers to the kite twirls to right and left sides. Reasons causing such a phenomena could be various, which means, therefore, the adjusting varies to experiment. For example, kite with one angle line will twirl due to the unbalance of holding power caused by the improper placement of the angle line, which is same to kite with several ones. Furthermore, asymmetry because of transfiguration resulting in heavy wind and over-small side face area of the kite and so on are also the general reasons causing the turning .

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